I believe they are made of simple carbon steel. I would think that the label applies to either the line or the outlier, but probably not both unless the outlier is a measurement error. whats even more disturbing is that cvn and fracture toughness sometimes (often?) However, Kershaw asked Sandvik to make their 13C26 steel more resistant to corrosion, and the result was 14C28N. As a result, there are no production knives with REX 121 steel, though Ferrum Forge used the steel early on in its custom knives and a Kickstarter knife from the Creely Brothers. 14C28N is essentially AEB-L (or perhaps more accurately Sandvik 13C26), but with improved corrosion resistance. In other words, heat treating a steel to its maximum hardness does not necessarily mean reduced corrosion resistance. SPY27 Below shows a comparison of carbide structure between D2 and CPM-D2, and then toughness measurements between the conventional and PM versions of CruWear, D2, and 154CM. Vancron has a very fine microstructure so it would be tough to beat. I see very little about cryo outside of journal articles, and I wonder which knifemakers use it. Find your right answers here! 2. The Vargo Sobata 398 is unlike any other knife on this list. Distilled water can separate steels that are stainless vs those that are not. I have a few examples below for steels that I have ranges of hardness tested for both toughness and edge retention. This steel is quite corrosion resistant and sharpens easily. and our If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. You do not expect the prices to be as low as those of low-end knives, but you will get high performance at affordable prices with either. These steels have sufficient toughness to handle thinner edge geometry. So the major tradeoff is in how much carbide you want in the steel for edge retention without dropping toughness too much for the intended knife and user. My favorites of the high edge retention group are Vanadis 8 and CPM-10V. there seems to be an optimal procedure for every alloy (provided its heat treated to industial standards). On the other hand, edge stability in terms of micro chipping and edge folding is also good. H1 and 420 also have excellent corrosion resistance but are limited to lower hardness and edge retention. Steel produced in China is generally less expensive. This is a powder-metal steel also produced by Crucible. The highest edge retention steel was Rex 121 which was at 70 Rc in combination with lots of high hardness vanadium carbides. I cant seem to match steel to the SS data points on the toughness/tcc graph. Let the job at hand be your guide. The brand Bark River uses A2 in many models. Maxamet and Rex 121 are so extreme in terms of wear resistance and edge retention that I rated them higher than 10 because otherwise it throws off the ratings for everything else. grivory Anyway, astute comment, but edge retention does mean a lot in woodworking. With toughness it is a bit harder to link to only one article as I dont really have a summary of all of the toughness testing that we have done. In general, higher carbon steels have higher edge retention but lower toughness. There are so many interactions between them that predictions are difficult without modeling software. S45VN 1095 stains easily and thus is often coated, especially in fixed blades. So youre right that a D2 blade will cut more CATRA cards than an AEB-L blade *when theyre both sharpened to the same angle* but AEB-L has much better toughness and can therefore handle being sharpened to a more acute angle without chipping, and a more acute angle is more important to continuing cutting ability than wear resistance is. In reality hardly difference. If you look at the chart you may notice that at high toughness levels if you increase edge retention by only a relatively small amount you get very big drops in toughness. There are significant differences between them because 14C28N is stainless steel, while D2 steel is a semi-stainless tool steel. D2 is carbon steel that has high toughness and durability. If you are a newbie, sharpening D2 knives will be a struggle, but it is doable with practice and the right sharpening tools. Sandvik 14C28N steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, exceptional toughness, good edge retention, and is easier to sharpen. If the steel is overheated in austenitizing, very large reductions in toughness are possible. When it debuted, Sal Glesser described XHP as a combination of D2s hardness and 440Cs corrosion resistance. Is 440A really that much better than 420HC, or have you found a narrower gap? 8670 and 5160 are good choices for large knives that need very high toughness. They have many similarities, including their high hardness, strength, and wear resistance. Thank you for putting this together, incredibly useful! Not every element is shown in the charts. Knives are one of our oldest tools, so it makes sense that they have evolved into thousands of styles since the first person chipped one out of stone. On the other hand, these types of steel provide high wear resistance and toughness. GearJunkie Copyright 2013 2023. In fact, its not technically a steel at all, as it uses titanium and nickel. There are still a few things I dont know but we have enough information to make educated guesses where data isnt available. AEB-L and 14C28N are the best in the high toughness group. The steel is susceptible to overheating during hardening do not overheat. Liquid steel is sprayed through a tiny nozzle, solidifying into a powder. How would n680 compare to m690? I have a Spyderco K390 knife and I cut leather with it as it is only .090 thick and I seldom have to strop it on 1 micron diamond compound on leather. nevertheles its importand to keep in mind what exactly is going on there (abrasive plastic media, loss of most of cutting ability during the first few strokes etc.). This is a major tradeoff between improved cutting ability and edge retention with an acute angle vs a strong and chip resistant edge with an obtuse angle. I have a bachelor's degree in Mechanical engineering with a specialization in material science. A Japanese powder steel, ZDP-189 is essentially the polar opposite of 3V its uber-hard instead of uber-tough. https://knifesteelnerds.com/2018/12/03/cryogenic-part1/ While not a powder steel, 154CM is widely used in nicer knives. Vanax gives up some toughness and hardness vs MagnaCut for saltwater levels of corrosion resistance. Below shows Vanax tempered at 400F on the left and 1000F on the right after 1% saltwater for 24 hours: There are many other ways in which knife steel performance can be reduced through heat treatment but I cant cover them all in this article so hopefully these illustrative examples will be enough. This is a non-powder Japanese steel used primarily in Spyderco knives. Advantages: Toughness, edge retention. The best steels with balanced properties include 4V/Vanadis4E, CPM-CruWear, and CPM-M4. However, the relative difference in toughness between these different examples are similar. But unlike most high-end steels, SPY27 is an easily user-serviceable powder steel. I like it. You will get an ultra-sharp edge with 14C28N knives. I especially appreciate the geometry/edge retention/toughness comparison with photos. For example, below is a video comparing a 1095 ESEE knife at 55-57 Rc and a MagnaCut knife at 62.5 Rc, both with the same edge angle. Youre right I had to check my spreadsheet. However, it is not really known how many different companies are making 8Cr13MoV (or at least I dont know), it could be that it is one manufacturer that is dominating the market. The most balanced is CPM-MagnaCut which is in an area all by itself on the chart. Tougher than D2, but less wear-resistant. Mid-Range Steels 154CM D2 N690 VG-10 CTS BD1N 14C28N A2 1095 O1 H1 Budget Steels 440C CTS-BD1 440A 420 8Cr13MoV AUS-8 The Steels Should you continue to scroll further, you may find yourself lost in a seemingly endless list of knife steel wealth and knowledge. In particular, I really care about the toughness / hardness part. Hi Jimmie, thanks for your comments. In thick forms, like a fixed blade, 1095 isa tough, low-cost steel. (Some crazy folks clean their Swiss Army knivesin adishwasher. Wear resistance, be it high or low, is the most significant determining factor in ease of sharpening. 14C28N steel, also known as Sandvik 14C28N, is stainless steel made by Sandvik, a European steel company in Sweden. Instead, Vargo titanium uses a unique material called sintered titanium-ceramic alloy. There is no such thing as a steel that is a 10 in both toughness and edge retention. its like with cars, most of them are not a corvette or a porsche. This means consumers should be able to maintain these quality knives at home. You said wood is not a particularly abrasive material and in absolute terms that is very true. Is it similar but worse or better at one of the 3 things? Perhaps a bigger issue with the upper temper is for stainless steels, as there is a significant reduction in corrosion resistance by tempering at 1000F instead of 400F. The 14C28N stainless steel from Swedish manufacturer Sandvik is considered an upgrade to their 13C26 steel (described below). Despite its age, its a truly superior steel. They make excellent everyday carry steels, especially for light- and medium-duty tasks. This does not predict which knife will cut longer or be more resistant to chipping. It is among the best steel that will offer exceptional toughness while still maintaining excellent corrosion resistance. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. VG-1 is a non-powder steel made by Japanese specialty steelmaker Takefu. If I made some plane irons from AEB-L at 63 Rc (where its still tougher than 1095 at 59-60 Rc, the standard vintage steel in plane irons), could I drop my sharpening angle from 30-35 to 25? I was struggling to simplify all the Rockwell/Youngs Modulus stuff for readers when I came across your site. Choose a factor below to start sorting. Yes its very easy to sharpen but it doesnt hold an edge at all. Ive found S35VN less chippy even at the same hardness. 8Cr13MoV is comparable to the Japanese AUS-8 but containing slightly higher carbon content. Most production knives are more than thick enough at the edge to accommodate a regrind to significantly improve performance, and its a lot cheaper than buying a new knife a lot of the time. However, it can be somewhat complicated because an edge can dull from many causes wear, micro-chipping, deformation, or corrosion. Editors note: This article was first published in May 2015 and was most recently updated on May 25, 2020. Its a very hard steel and is exceptionally difficult to sharpen. The very good toughness of MagnaCut meant that it didnt chip despite this relatively high hardness and the difficulty of the test. These steels are best for knives that dont see impacts and are some of the most difficult to sharpen. Being stainless is not an on or off property, and some stainless steels are more resistant to corrosion than others. We did the research to help you find the best hunting knife for your needs and budget. This is a virtually stain-proof steel suitable for all sorts of aquatic environments. The knife does dull faster. worldwide, even the chinese have an equivalent (8cr13mov). Even metallurgists can have a difficult time estimating properties just based on the elements. The most significant cost increase comes from powder metallurgy, used to create most of the expensive knife steels. The definition of a quality knife differs among users because of varied needs, but there are basic properties that every quality knife must have. In use, its very similar to 440C and VG-10. For these reasons D2 steel is a good for smaller folding knives, but is not ideal for large fixed blades such as dedicated choppers and large survival knives. However, I would argue that pure material removal is usually not the limiting step for ease in sharpening. That old pine in particular is some crazy hard stuff. I dipped each in lemon juice and left in open air and tested after 30, 100, and 300 minutes, dipping in lemon juice again each time. Great for tensile strength and Edge retention. Around 61 Rc usually. The table shows combinations of knife steel properties for different classes of steel. In its most basic form, steel is just iron and carbon, but people have been studying, experimenting with, and perfecting steel with other elements for specific applications for millennia. CPM154 is a truly superior steel. drop point And steels with at least 10% chromium are probably stainless, except for several important exceptions like D2 and ZDP-189. Theres a green triangle at about RC 60.5 and toughness over 40. It also tops out around 60-61 Rc like LC200N and needs relatively careful heat treating to even be that hard. 1. A mirror finish is the best at resisting corrosion and a rough finish means rust and corrosion is more likely. How long sharpen? The big difference in properties vs the low alloy steels, however, are the harder carbides that are found in these steels. great work, larrin. This is a powder steel produced by American steel company Carpenter. [Steel Knife Review], What is 14c28n steel? And below shows a chart of carbide hardness, the equation we created to predict edge retention based on edge angle, hardness, and carbide volumes, and then the chart showing the good correlation: TCC (mm) = -157 + 15.8*Hardness (Rc) 17.8*EdgeAngle() + 11.2*CrC(%) + 14.6*CrVC(%) + 26.2*MC(%) + 9.5*M6C(%) + 20.9*MN(%) + 19.4*CrN(%). Hi Larrin Your estimate of 420HCs corrosion resistance is different here than in your October, 2019 post on corrosion resistance testing: https://knifesteelnerds.com/2019/10/14/corrosion-resistance-testing/ Would be great if some manufactures changed their steels based on this information. This is to keep the focus on the elements that are making the biggest difference. Between the assisted open, weird looking texture designs, and the stainless steel handle, the Cannonball has a lot of features I don't normally like, but even I have to admit it's a good design for the price. If youre having trouble finding the steel you want, see if another manufacturer makes something much like it. I tested its edge wear resistance but not its toughness yet. Hammering through hickory, digging at roots in sandy soil, and cutting around bone did nothing to chip, dent, or roll the edge of my 3V knives. Available in Kershaw knives (as of 2012) and in other .
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