the primary force which causes all winds is:

On Earth, the main differences in air pressure are caused by differences in temperature. The predominant summer wind direction is in favor of the batter. T/F: As seen by an observer on Earth, the Coriolis effect is an illusion; no deflection can actually be measured. The area over which tropical storm-force winds occur is even greater, ranging as far out . Typhoons can impact a wide area of the eastern Pacific. meterologists convert all atmospheric pressure data to the equivalent sea-level air pressure in order to: True or False: the primary cause of wind is not atmospheric pressure differences. San Francisco is a coastal city in sunny California, and yet the author Mark Twain noticed that the coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco!Wind affects the climate of a mountainous area differently. Which of the following statements regarding Hurricane Frances and Typhoon Songda is correct? are unaffected by by the coriolis force Here are some others:barber: cold, moisture-laden wind that freezes on contact with hair and beards.brickfielder: hot, dry wind that carries enormous amounts of red dust from the deserts of southern Australia.Cape Doctor: cold, dry wind from the southeast that sanitizes the city of Cape Town, South Africa.chinook: warming wind rushing eastward down the Rocky Mountains of Canada and the U.S.Coromuel: strong, warm wind that blows from afternoon to early morning through La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. Monsoons are part of the climate of Australia, Southeast Asia, and in the southwestern region of North America.The air over land is heated and cooled more quickly than the air over the ocean. During the winter, land cools more quickly than the ocean. In both cases, pressure gradient force directs the wind directly perpendicular to the isobars, into the low pressure. are generally faster than surface winds These pressure variations are caused by A)greenhouse effect B)non-circular shape of earth C)warm temperatures in the stratosphere D)uneven heating of the earth's surface E)earth's rotation B)rising and expanding (t/f), Horizontal wind motion can help cause vertical air motion. (The Coriolis Effect). The Earth spins on its axis from west to east. The pressure-gradient force (PGF) is a vector which points from higher pressure to lower pressure while crossing isobars at a right angle. In areas where tornadoes are common, many communities have tornado warning systems. On the other side of the mountain, dry downslope winds can speed through mountain passes at nearly 160 kph (100 mph). In Aztec mythology, the four wind gods were Mictlanpachecatl (north wind), Tlalocayotl (east wind), Vitztlampaehecatl (south wind), and Cihuatecayotl (west wind).Other mythologies recognize one supreme god of the wind: Enlil of Sumeria, Amun in ancient Egypt, Fujin in Japan's Shinto culture, Fei Lan of ancient China, and Vayu, the Hindu god of wind. In fact, another name for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the West Wind Drift. (t/f), At a given pressure value, the air density will be highest when the temperature is coldest. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Its actually temperature. Wind is the name for this occurrence. The winds at the 500-mb level determine the direction of movement for weather systems. (t/f), Low air pressure zones are associated with cloudy skies and stormy weather. Which option above is generally associated with "fair" weather? List two corrections that are commonly made for a mercurial barometer reading. Just about every wind on Earth can be traced in cause back to the Sun. The spacing of isobar lines on a map provides a visual indication of ________. Warm air above the land rises, and cooler air above the water moves in over the land, creating an inland breeze. Acycloneis generally defined by meteorologists as: in the opposite direction of Earth's rotation. How does this produce precipitation, and where? Figure 21. change in pressure along a horizontal surface. It takes satellite imagery to see atmospheric motion and improve our ability to forecast weather. When people get onto a bus, do they all sit on the same side of the bus first? (t/f), Stormy weather is more closely associated with anticyclones than with cyclones. Hadley Circulation Cells cause a gradient of pressure shown in this figure. Development is also growing quickly in France and China.Industry experts predict that if this pace of growth continues, by 2050, one-third of the worlds electricity needs could be met by wind. T/F:A steep pressure gradient indicates strong winds. What is the fundamental cause of horizontal pressure differences in the atmosphere? pressure gradient and Coriolis. Credit: David Babb The rotation of the Earth and its uneven heating by the sun also contribute to the formation of high-altitude jet streams.These strong, fast winds in the upper atmosphere can blow 480 kph (298 mph). Unit 1: Fresh Water: Scarcity or Surfeit? Gases move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. The main cause of wind is a little surprising. This, as you well know, is a flow from high pressure to low pressure. Its readings may be too low or too high if the temperature varies from the expected. change in pressure along a horizontal surface. In the southern hemisphere, anticyclonic winds flow: In the northern hemisphere, cyclonic winds flow: Instead of the air flowing straight out of a high pressure system, it spirals out in a clockwise direction. Neglecting friction, the speed and direction of the horizontal wind are determined by: temperature and humidity viscosity and turbulence Spanish, Portuguese, and British ships were quick, relatively easy to maneuver, and their large, complex series of sails exploited trade winds and southern westerlies to travel across the ocean. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. Pressure gradient: initiates wind flow by directing wind out of high pressure and towards low pressure areas; determines initial wind speed according to the strength of the pressure gradient. This illustrates the fact that: friction is present only close to the ground. Why are clouds and precipitation associated with surface low pressure systems? These wind maps were created when the typhoon was a Category 4 with winds of 131-155 mph. The National Weather Service measures air pressure in the unit of a millibar, which is equivalent to: 100 Newtons per square meter. Now were getting to the part where wind happens. pressure gradient force. The storm must go on for a prolonged period of time to be classified as a blizzard, usually a few hours.Blizzards can isolate and paralyze areas for days, especially if the area rarely has snowfall and does not have the equipment to clear it from the streets.The Great Blizzard of 1888 was perhaps the worst in U.S. recorded history. T/F:The sea breeze is a simple thermal circulation that does not involve a pressure gradient. In the upper atmosphere, there is almost no friction, which allows for greater wind speed. This is a low-pressure system. (t/f), Friction at the surface results in a stronger Coriolis force. D) wind force. Learning Designer: April Millet, The Pennsylvania State University. The spacing of isobar lines on a map provides a visual indication of ________. This courseware module is offered as part of the Repository of Open and Affordable Materials at Penn State. T/F:The primary cause of wind is not atmospheric pressure but atmospheric pressure differences. Differences in air pressure over the ocean cause these storms to develop. The islands of the Philippines, China, Vietnam, and Japan are the most affected. These images show the winds of Typhoon Dolphin. That rush of air is the wind we experience. The continual heating and rise of air at the equator create low pressure there, which causes air to move (wind) towards the equator to take the place of the air that rises. divergence aloft are greatly influenced by surface friction . Surface Circulation Solar heating cause water to expand. Extraterrestrial WindsThe same forces that cause winds on Earthuneven heating by the sun and the planets rotationcause other planets to develop strong winds. is only possible in the tropics Note that the U.S. lies primarily in the Westerly Wind Belt with prevailing winds from the west. On the surface, wind moves away from high pressure (High) and toward low pressure (Low). The effect of friction on the wind directly and/or indirectly alters its: B) are generally faster than surface winds. T/F: An isobar is a line connecting points of equal humidity. (t/f), Anticyclones characteristically have winds blowing toward their center. What is a limitation of an altimeter that pilots must account for? The gases that make up our atmosphere do interesting things as the temperatures change. gravity and humidity. starting the air motion, which of the influences the magnitude of the coriolis force: Subway StormThe Great Blizzard of 1888 shut down roads and rails along the East Coast of the United States. Its magnitude depends on the pressure gradient, which is a measure of the spacing between isobars. Force is a pull or push that changes the resting state, motion, or direction of an object. Its called diffusion. Divergence in the atmosphere is best defined as: Which of the following has the smallest impact on winds? Although sophisticated meteorological equipment was not available at that time, winds may have reached 320 kph (200 mph) as the hurricane hit Barbados and other islands in the Caribbean Sea. Friction reduces the speed so Coriolis is weakened. Some, like the noreasters that blow from the northeast down the East Coast, are not creatively named. It is not, however, any windier than most other cities.The nickname most likely came from Chicagos relationship with Cincinnati, Ohio, in the 19th century. Landforms, processes, and impacts of wind are called Aeolian landforms, processes, and impacts.Differences in atmospheric pressure generate winds. )Wind ZonesThe Earth contains five major wind zones: polar easterlies, westerlies, horse latitudes, trade winds, and the doldrums.Polar EasterliesPolar easterlies are dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the east. no cloud development, you would expect vertical airflow in an anti cyclone to result in The maximum pressure range of the atmosphere, as defined by the highest and lowest pressures ever recorded, is between: What units of pressure are used when air pressure is reported to the public in the United States? As the Sun unevenly heats the surface of the Earth, air rises and sinks, resulting in high and low regions of air pressure. A diagram which indicates the percentage of time the wind blows from various directions. The cells on either side of the Equator are called Hadley cells and give rise to the Trade Winds at Earth's surface. By Andy Kirmayer. The overall strength of a circulation system is determined by: air would move directly from high to low pressure. This change in the doldrums disturbs the usual air pressure, creating the moisture-laden Southeast Asian monsoon.Results of WindWind traveling at different speeds, different altitudes, and over water or land can cause different types of patterns and storms.Jet StreamsJet streams are geostrophic winds that form near the boundaries of air masses with different temperatures and humidity. T/F:Stormy weather is more closely associated with anticyclones than with cyclones. temperature and humidity. More specifically, its differences in temperature between different areas. The sun heats the surface of the earth unevenly because of the shape and tilt of the earth. Winds are deflected from their initial direction due to the earth's rotation, rather than crossing the isobars at right angles as the pressure gradient force directs. These are called geostrophic winds. A) horizontal airplane flight of 200 miles Seeds are carried by the wind to distant or nearby places, increasing the spread of the plants genetics. The winds at the 500-mb level determine the direction of movement for weather systems. A gradient of pressure (high to low) is formed that causes air to flow away from the high and towards the low pressure at the surface. What causes ocean currents? Many deserts, from the rainless Atacama of South America to the arid Kalahari of Africa, are part of the horse latitudes.The prevailing winds at the horse latitudes vary, but are usually light. 78) C ) pressure gradient force . A) wind direction It blows from the northeast along the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada. The Coriolis effect occurs because of this characteristic of the earth: A plane takes off from City A headed for City B, located directly to the north. Tropical cyclones and typhoons are often measured using other scales, such as Japans Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, which measures a typhoon as winds at 118 kph (73 mph).Impact on ClimateWind is a major factor in determining weather and climate. A diagram which indicates the percentage of time the wind blows from various directions. If it's not blowing, there's no electricity generated.Still, use of wind energy has more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006. What is the average sea level pressure in the United States? Which of the following would involve the greatest change in atmospheric pressure? The westerlies of the Roaring Forties were very important to sailors during the Age of Exploration, when explorers and traders from Europe and western Asia used the strong winds to reach the spice markets of Southeast Asia and Australia.Westerlies have an enormous impact on ocean currents, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. People want to spread out as much as possible. The primary force which causes ALL winds is: Neglecting friction, the speed and direction of the horizontal wind are determined by: The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure: change in pressure along a horizontal surface. Which of the following areas has the highestpressure gradient? unequal solar heating of the earth directly causes large-scale winds, called the jet stream. T/F:If you're cooking pasta for your big romantic date, you'd better allow a few extra minutes for it to cook once it comes to a boil if you're at a high altitude. When representing wind direction numerically, winds from the north are associated with: Of the various elements of weather and climate, changes in air pressure are probably the most easily perceived by people. This simplified National Weather Service (NWS) map shows an intense event which brought subfreezing temperatures as far south as the Gulf of. A supercell is a thunderstorm with a powerful, rotating updraft. The term pressure gradient refers to: everywhere. Millions of farmers, especially those in the U.S. states of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas, lost their land when they were unable to harvest any crops.However devastating to the economy, wind is an important way plants disperse seeds. But, because it does rotate, the rotation of the Earth leads to the Coriolis effect. The expedition, named after the raft (Kon-Tiki) aimed to prove that ancient mariners could have used predictable trade winds to explore wide stretches of the Pacific.Trade winds that form over land (called continental trade winds) are warmer and drier than those that form over the ocean (maritime trade winds). The Earth would have two large Hadley cells if it did not rotate. A) Northern Hemisphere deflection to the right of the wind's original direction, C) Low wind speeds strongest deflection, D) deflection always at a 90 degree angle to the direction of air flow. its rotation Winds. Gravity (G) - causes vertical pressure differences and winds Coriolis Force (Co) - causes all moving objects, such as air, to diverge, or veer, to the right in the The primary cause of erosion along a coastline is by wave action. The tip of South America and Australia, as well as the islands of New Zealand, are the only large landmasses to penetrate the Roaring Forties. Coriolis effect. friction between the air and the ground The wind is the condition of speedy movement of air. Anticyclone: air blows out (diverges) from the center and rotates clockwise (N. Hemisphere) or counter-clockwise (S. Hemisphere). (A draft is simply a vertical movement of air.) Have you ever heard someone talk about a headwind or tailwind when they are talking about airplanes? She or he will best know the preferred format. air temperature, the coriolis effect occurs because of this characteristic of the earth: The best explanation for the cause of atmospheric pressure is: The National Weather Service measures air pressure in the unit of a millibar, which is equivalent to: If the National Weather Service converted to the metric system, they would most likely report air pressure in which units? (t/f), The main cause of the sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water. Coriolis: alteration of wind direction caused by the rotation of the Earth. Wind is the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun. Ships relied on trade winds to establish quick, reliable routes across the vast Atlantic and, later, Pacific Oceans. 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(t/f), A southwest wind blows toward the northeast. More than 20,000 people died as a result of the hurricane as it made its way across Barbados, St. Lucia, Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, and Bermuda. A) horizontal airplane flight of 200 miles, B) balloon ascent from sea level to 3 miles, C) travel from center of a low pressure system to center of a high pressure system, D) difference between the highest and lowest recorded pressure at any one weather station. The Coriolis effect makes wind systems twist counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.The Coriolis effect causes some winds to travel along the edges of the high-pressure and low-pressure systems. C) travel from center of a low pressure system to center of a high pressure system Loess, a sediment that can develop into one of the richest soils for farming, is easily swept up by wind. its atmosphere Age of SailThe ability of ships to sail with powerful trade winds helped determine the political and engineering history of the Age of Exploration, sometimes nicknamed the Age of Sail. Throughout the Roaring Forties, there are few landmasses to slow winds. Typhoons form as equatorial winds and blow westward before turning north and merging with westerlies around the mid-latitudes. The Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico up the East Coast of North America and across the Atlantic to Northern Europe. The air sinking towards the surface of the anticyclone not only causes the high pressure but also is associated with general subsidence, which prevents rising air and adiabatic cooling. This powerful updraft is called a mesocyclone.A mesocyclone contains rotating drafts of air 1 to 10 kilometers (1 to 6 miles) in the atmosphere. Name the three forces that act to cause the motion of air. When the wavelength shift for Compton scattering from a free electron is a maximum, what is the scattering angle? They emanate from the polar highs, areas of high pressure around the North and South Poles. And the bigger the difference between the pressures, the faster the air will move from the high to the low pressure. It does not have much substanceyou cannot see it or hold itbut you can feel its force. The Coriolis effect occurs because of this characteristic of the earth. No way. Strong headwinds can cause flight delays.HurricaneA hurricane is a giant, spiraling tropical storm that can pack wind speeds of over 257 kph (160 mph) and unleash more than 9 trillion liters (2.4 trillion gallons) of rain. T/F:Anticyclones characteristically have winds blowing toward their center. the best explanation for the cause of atmospheric pressure is. Fhn windsnicknamed snow-eatersdevelop as air descends over the Alps, creating a warmer climate in central Europe.Winds also help drive ocean surface currents around the world. The devastation and inconvenience led urban leaders to invest in the creation of the first subway system in the U.S., which opened in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1897. Name the three driving forces that create and influence the air's motion, and write a brief description of how each creates and/or alters wind.

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