what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates

Address to the People of the United States, by the What are the main points of difference between Webster and Hayne, especially on the question of the nature of the Union and the Constitution? Webster-Hayne Debates, 1830 - Bill of Rights Institute Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. The United States, under the Constitution and federal government, was a single, unified nation, not a coalition of sovereign states. Webster stood in favor of Connecticut's proposal that the federal government should stop surveying western land and sell the land it had already surveyed to boost it's revenue and strengthen it's authority. The states cannot now make war; they cannot contract alliances; they cannot make, each for itself, separate regulations of commerce; they cannot lay imposts; they cannot coin money. . A speech by Louisiana Senator Edward Livingston, however, neatly explains how American nationhood encompasses elements of both Webster and Hayne's ideas. Well, you're not alone. Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . The specific issue that sparked the Webster-Hayne debate was a proposal by the state of Connecticut which said that the federal government should halt its surveying of land west of the Mississippi and focus on selling the land it had already surveyed to private citizens. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? . . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. . Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Hayne was a great orator, filled with fiery passion and eloquent prose. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. Far, indeed, in my wishes, very far distant be the day, when our associated and fraternal stripes shall be severed asunder, and when that happy constellation under which we have risen to so much renown, shall be broken up, and be seen sinking, star after star, into obscurity and night! . Webster scoffed at the idea of consolidation, labeling it "that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusion." What Hayne and his supporters actually meant to do, Webster claimed, was to resist those means that might strengthen the bonds of common interest. Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. . The Webster-Hayne Debate: An Inquiry into the Nature of Union by Stefan . The impression which has gone abroad, of the weakness of the South, as connected with the slave question, exposes us to such constant attacks, has done us so much injury, and is calculated to produce such infinite mischiefs, that I embrace the occasion presented by the remarks of the gentleman from Massachusetts, to declare that we are ready to meet the question promptly and fearlessly. On January 19, 1830, Hayne attacked the Foot Resolution and labeled the Northeasterners as selfish and unprincipled for their support of protectionism and conservative land policies. His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War. . The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. Daniel Webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the danger of the states' rights doctrine, which permitted each State to decide for itself which laws were unconstitutional, claiming it would lead to civil war. Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. Help if you can :) please and ty . By the time it ended nine days later, the focus had shifted to the vastly more cosmic concerns of slavery and the nature of the federal Union. But his calm, unperturbed manner reassured them in an instant. Even more pointedly, his speech reflected a decade of arguments from other Massachusetts conservatives who argued against supposed threats to New England's social order.[2]. . [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. In coming to the consideration of the next great question, what ought to be the future policy of the government in relation to the public lands? Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. TEST: THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT Flashcards | Quizlet This statement, though strong, is no stronger than the strictest truth will warrant. The Union to be preserved, while it suits local and temporary purposes to preserve it; and to be sundered whenever it shall be found to thwart such purposes. I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. Under that system, the legal actionthe application of law to individuals, belonged exclusively to the states. The Webster-Hayne Debates | Teaching American History He tells us, we have heard much, of late, about consolidation; that it is the rallying word for all who are endeavoring to weaken the Union by adding to the power of the states. But consolidation, says the gentleman, was the very object for which the Union was formed; and in support of that opinion, he read a passage from the address of the president of the Convention[3] to Congress (which he assumes to be authority on his side of the question.) . Which of the following statements best represents the desires of the Northern states during the debate of Missouri statehood? I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. Though the debate began as a standard policy debate, the significance of Daniel Webster's argument reached far beyond a single policy proposal. We love to dwell on that union, and on the mutual happiness which it has so much promoted, and the common renown which it has so greatly contributed to acquire. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. . 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . . Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. The Webster-Hayne debate concluded with Webster's ringing endorsement of "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." In contrast, Hayne espoused the radical states' rights doctrine of nullification, believing that a state could prevent a federal law from being enforced within its borders. The debate itself, a nine-day long unplanned exchange between Senators Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster, directly addressed the methods by which the federal government was generating revenue, namely through protective tariffs and the selling of federal lands in the newly acquired western territories. . It was not a Union to be torn up without bloodshed; for nerves and arteries were interwoven with its roots and tendrils, sustaining the lives and interests of twelve million inhabitants. There was no clear winner of the debate, but the Union's victory over the Confederacy just a few decades later brought Webster's ideas to fruition. Can any man believe, sir, that, if twenty-three millions per annum was now levied by direct taxation, or by an apportionment of the same among the states, instead of being raised by an indirect tax, of the severe effect of which few are aware, that the waste and extravagance, the unauthorized imposition of duties, and appropriations of money for unconstitutional objects, would have been tolerated for a single year? Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. We are ready to make up the issue with the gentleman, as to the influence of slavery on individual and national characteron the prosperity and greatness, either of the United States, or of particular states. If the gentleman provokes the war, he shall have war. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. . Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. Beyond that I seek not to penetrate the veil. . . His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. Who Won the Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830? - Abbeville Institute On that system, Carolina has no more interest in a canal in Ohio than in Mexico. The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. Robert Young Hayne | American politician | Britannica . Webster believed that the Constitution should be viewed as a binding document between the United States rather than an agreement between sovereign states. Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. . The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. Enveloping all of these changes was an ever-growing tension over the economy, as southern states firmly defended slavery and northern states advocated for a more industrial, slave-free market. While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. The debate, which took place between January 19th and January 27th, 1830, encapsulated the major issues facing the newly founded United States in the 1820s and 1830s; the balance of power between the federal and state governments, the development of the democratic process, and the growing tension between Northern and Southern states. Webster also tried to assert the importance of New England in the face of . South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. . It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. . . What was going on? One of those was the Webster-Hayne debate, a series of unplanned speeches presented before the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830. . Daniel webster (ma) and sen. Hayne of . It has always been regarded as a matter of domestic policy, left with the states themselves, and with which the federal government had nothing to do. The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. . Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 26 and 27, 1830. For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. . As a pious son of Federalism, Webster went the full length of the required defense. Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. He was dressed with scrupulous care, in a blue coat with metal buttons, a buff vest rounding over his full abdomen, and his neck encircled with a white cravat. . The gentleman, indeed, argues that slavery, in the abstract, is no evil. . The dominant historical opinion of the famous debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Young Hayne of South Carolina which took place in the United States Senate in 1830 has long been that Webster defeated Hayne both as an orator and a statesman. Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold the gorgeous Ensign of the Republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscuredbearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as, what is all this worth? . Then, in January of 1830, a senator from Connecticut introduced a proposal to the Senate stating that the federal government should stop surveying the lands west of the Mississippi River. . To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. . Webster pursued his objective through a rhetorical strategy that ignored Benton, the principal opponent of New England sectionalism, and that provoked Hayne into an exposition and defense of what became the South Carolina doctrine of nullification. Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. . First, New England was vindicated. Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks 1830's APUSH Flashcards | Quizlet Hayne argued that the sovereign and independent states had created the Union to promote their particular interests. . . I understand the gentleman to maintain, that, without revolution, without civil commotion, without rebellion, a remedy for supposed abuse and transgression of the powers of the general government lies in a direct appeal to the interference of the state governments. Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. . But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. By establishing justice, promoting domestic tranquility, and securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. This is the true reading of the Constitution. This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. Finally, sir, the honorable gentleman says, that the states will only interfere, by their power, to preserve the Constitution. The Webster Hayne Debate - DEBETE CJK But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. Understand the 1830 debate's significance through an overview of issues of the Constitution, the Union, and state sovereignty. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in The Webster-Hayne The idea that a state could nullify a federal law, associated with South Carolina, especially after the publication of John C. Calhouns South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) in response to the tariff passed in that year. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. . The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. We, sir, who oppose the Carolina doctrine, do not deny that the people may, if they choose, throw off any government, when it becomes oppressive and intolerable, and erect a better in its stead. An equally talented orator, Webster rose as the advocate of the North in the debate with his captivating reply to Hayne's initial argument.

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