why did russia invade georgia in 2008

[155] The centre of the town was reached by 1,500 Georgian infantrymen by 10:00. The offensive sparked a furious reaction. [356] On 8 August, the air force performed 63 flights in support of Russian ground troops. [40][172] Russia has stated it was defending both peacekeepers and South Ossetian civilians who were Russian citizens. [248] Russian forces pulled back from the buffer areas bordering Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 8 October 2008 and the European Union monitoring mission in Georgia would now oversee the areas. Its planes did not fly after the first few hours of contact. Russia had invaded Ukraine in 2014 when rebels backed by President Putin had seized large swathes. [108][118] Aleksandr Dugin, known for his strong ties with the Russian military and intelligence,[119] suggested at a press conference in South Ossetia on 30 June that the existence of Georgian enclaves in South Ossetia was the last remaining barrier to the recognition and South Ossetia had to solve this problem. [124] A scheduled visit of Condoleezza Rice, the US Secretary of State, to Georgia on the next day nearly coincided with the timing of the flight. In a brief, five-day conflict, the Russian army routed its outnumbered and outgunned Georgian opponent and advanced to . [203] The Russian patrol ship Mirazh was probably responsible for the sinking. ", A confidential report sent on August 8, 2008, by the US Embassy in Tbilisi, leaked by WikiLeaks. [180] The Georgian government reported that the air raid had killed 60 civilians. [120] The Kavkaz Center reported in early July that Chechen separatists had intelligence data that Russia was preparing a military operation against Georgia in AugustSeptember 2008 which mainly aimed to expel Georgian forces from the Kodori Gorge; this would be followed by the expulsion of Georgian units and population from South Ossetia. [136] An evacuation of Ossetian women and children to Russia began on the same day. [334] Russian President Dmitry Medvedev questioned the claim that ships going to Georgia were bringing only humanitarian assistance, alleging the delivery of military material. [5] According to their American trainers, Georgian soldiers were unprepared for fighting despite having "warrior spirit". "[325] The report said it "is not in a position" to consider the Georgian claims of the Russian invasion before 8 August to be substantiated enough, while recognising reports in Russian media which indicated Russian troops and equipment which did not fall under the peacekeeping mandate were already present on the southern side of the Caucasus range, in South Ossetia. [378] The Russian military had no losses in the artillery, air defence and naval forces. However, Russia did not embrace this truce offer. [355], The RIA Novosti editorial also said that Russian Su-25 ground-attack jets did not have radar vision and ground-target coordinate computing. [94] The pipeline circumvents both Russia and Iran. They also did not have long-range surface-to-air missiles that could be fired beyond the air-defence zones of an adversary. Russia's invasion of Ukraine came 14 years after it fought a brief war with Georgia. [292] According to the Memorial society, the villages of Kekhvi, Kurta, Achabeti, Tamarasheni, Eredvi, Vanati and Avnevi were "virtually fully burnt down". [154] The ceasefire reportedly held for about three hours. Russia poured troops in, ousting Georgian forces from South. [208] Abkhaz artillery and aircraft began a bombardment against Georgian troops in the upper Kodori Gorge on 9 August. [31][32][33][34][35] Intensifying artillery attacks by the South Ossetian separtists broke a 1992 ceasefire agreement. The Kremlin's invasion of Ukraine in 2014 took place during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. [285], Human Rights Watch (HRW) states that all parties to the war seriously breached international laws governing war and caused many fatalities among civilians. [335] According to political analyst Vladimir Socor, in spite of the limits on vessel's weight and length of visits set by the Montreux Convention, the US kept a continual presence in the Black Sea by alternating vessels from time to time. The air force was blamed of rendering no assistance to land campaign. [371] Instead all fighter and training aircraft, including the Su-25s, were tucked away. Instead, the alliance repeatedly reconfirmed Ukraine . However, Germany and France said that offering a MAP to Ukraine and Georgia would be "an unnecessary offence" for Russia. Russia's invasion of Ukraine violates Article 2 (4) of the UN Charter, a central tenet of the charter that requires UN member states to refrain from the "use of force against the territorial . [344] This view was supported by independent Russian analysis. [364], Two DANA self-propelled howitzers of the Georgian army were destroyed in combat and two DANAs were captured in and near Gori. ", "Saakashvili Appeals for Peace in Televised Address", "Georgia Offers Fresh Evidence on War's Start", "Heavy fighting as Georgia attacks rebel region", "Dmitry Medvedev held an emergency meeting with permanent members of the Security Council on the situation in South Ossetia", "Statement on the Situation in South Ossetia", "The Russian Air Force didn't perform well during the conflict in South Ossetia", "Russian Forces Capture Military Base in Georgia", "Georgia: All-Out War Looms in South Ossetia", "Georgia conflict: Screams of the injured rise from residential streets", "I got my children out minutes before the bombs fell", "Georgia: Russia fighting on several fronts as Georgian troops withdraw to defend Tbilisi", "Dutch journalist killed in Russian bombing of Gori", "Russia opens new front, drives deeper into Georgia", "Russians march into Georgia as full-scale war looms", "Victims of Last Year's Tragedy Remembered in Gori", "The new Cold War: Crisis in the Caucasus", "Amid promise of peace, Georgians live in terror", "Russia Vows to Support Two Enclaves, in Retort to Bush", "Russia Pulls the Bulk of Its Forces Out of Georgia", "Russian Military Will Leave Gori in 2 Days", "For Russian Armor, Even With Rice in Georgia, Cease-Fire Is Not a Red Light", "Russia/Georgia: Militias Attack Civilians in Gori Region", "Tanks and Katyushas bristle round isolated Tbilisi", "Putin has given us an order that everyone must leave or be shot", "Russian navy sinks Georgian boat: Defence ministry", "The Russian Black Sea Fleet After The Georgia War", "The Russian-Georgian War: A Challenge for the U.S. and the World", "Abkhaz separatists strike disputed Georgia gorge", "Abkhazia moves to flush out Georgian troops", "Abkhazia says Georgian troops pushed from province", "Abchasen rumen Minen und suchen versprengte georgische Truppen im Kodori-Tal", "Russia moves into Georgian territory as conflict worsens", "Russian tanks in Georgia's Poti: witnesses", "Russia Sends Mixed Signs on Pullout From Georgia", "Georgia conflict: Russian troops accused of selling loot", "Russian bombing kills 3 at Georgian airbase-Georgia", "Georgia Says Russian Jet Bombed Vaziani Base", "Georgia conflict: Roar of war as jets fill the air", "MIA: Three Die in Marneuli Airfield Bombing", "Fighting with Russia spreads to cities across Georgia", "Russia bombs Tbilisi airport, says official", "Tbilisi civilian airport hit in Russian air strike", "Russia, in Accord With Georgians, Sets Withdrawal", "Raids Suggest Russia Targeted Energy Pipelines", "Georgian websites forced offline in 'cyber war', "Russia's president says operation in Georgia over", "Peace Plan Offers Russia a Rationale to Advance", "Russian convoy moves deeper inside Georgia: witness", "President Medvedev signed a plan to resolve the Georgian-South Ossetia conflict, based on the six principles previously agreed on", "Georgian villages burned and looted as Russian tanks advance", "Bush, European Leaders Urge Quick Withdrawal From Georgia", "Russian, Georgian forces exchange prisoners", "Russian troops in partial pullout keeping checkpoints within Georgia", "Georgia Prepares for Refugees; Russians Declare Pullback Finished", "MIA: Russia's Moves in Perevi Aim at 'Renewal of Military Confrontation', "Russian troops withdraw from Georgian town", "Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory", "European Parliament resolution of 17 November 2011 containing the European Parliament's recommendations to the Council, the Commission and the EEAS on the negotiations of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement (2011/2133(INI))", "Russia defies west by recognising Georgian rebel regions", "OSCE Chair Condemns Russia's Recognition of Abkhazia, S.Ossetia", "The Emergence of an Expanded Forum to Replace the G8: The Silver Lining to the Cloud over Russia and the West", "Global Peace Operations Annual Review of 2007", "Extra Russian troops arrive in Abkhazia", "Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of Russia arrived on a working visit to South Ossetia", "Bases for 49 years Federation Council ratified agreements on military bases in Abkhazia and South Ossetia", "Behind barbed wire: Human rights toll of "borderization" in Georgia", "Border guards completed the arrangement of the border in South Ossetia", "Military occupation of Georgia by Russia", "Security and human rights observers to close South Ossetia mission", "Georgia angry after Russia vetoes U.N. monitors", "The Russian Bear on the Warpath Against Georgia", "The Medvedev Doctrine and American Strategy", "The Russo-Georgian war and beyond: towards a European great power concert", "Russia says Georgia war stopped NATO expansion", "REPORT on the strategic military situation in the Black Sea Basin following the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia (2015/2036(INI))", "Opinion | Boris Johnson: 6 Steps the West Must Take to Help Ukraine Right Now", "2.2 Indiscriminate Shelling of Tskhinvali and Outlying Villages", "Georgia: International Groups Should Send Missions", "Human Rights in Areas Affected by the South Ossetia Conflict. Putin's ambitions were not secret, and his hostility to U.S. and European designs on Ukraine was well established. [196] In 2014, Anatoly Khrulyov, the commander of the 58th Army, said that Russian troops had to act in accordance with operational objective and plan issued before 8 August 2008. At the time of the conflict, Georgia operated 191 T-72 tanks,[366] of which 75 were deployed into South Ossetia. [157] The Russian Air Force mounted attacks on Georgian infantry and artillery on 8 August, but suspended sorties for two days after taking early losses from anti-aircraft fire. [114] The European Parliament adopted a resolution on 5 June which condemned the deployment of Russian forces to Abkhazia. Russian invasion of Crimea. We attacked their friends. [59], The independent Democratic Republic of Georgia was invaded by the Red Army in 1921 and a Soviet government was installed. [92], Although Georgia has no notable gas or oil reserves, its territory hosts part of the BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline supplying oil to Turkey. [373] In Poti, four boats were submerged. [116] The fixed railroad was used to transport military equipment by at least a part of the 9,000 Russian soldiers who entered Georgia from Abkhazia during the war. [302] The International Criminal Court concluded its investigation in the Situation in Georgia in December 2022, delivering arrest warrants for three de facto South Ossetian officials believed to bear responsibility for war crimes committed during the 2008 war Mikhail Mindzaev, Gamlet Guchmazov and David Sanakoev, respectively, holding the positions of Minister of Internal Affairs, head of a detention centre in Tskhinvali, and Presidential Representative for Human Rights of South Ossetia, at the relevant time. [240], The plan embodied the following statutes (dismissed additions are parenthesised):[236], After the ceasefire was signed, hostilities did not immediately end. Georgia stated that the development was an "aggressive" act. The next day, the Georgian law enforcement was ordered by the president to arrange the liberation of the soldiers. [183] The Georgian forces withdrew from Gori on 11 August. [293] South Ossetian president Eduard Kokoity said in an interview that Georgian villages had been demolished and no Georgian refugees would be allowed to return. The pattern of military invasion of independent countries was set in 2008 when Russia launched a massive attack against Georgia by land, sea, air, and cyberspace. [260], Russia sought approval for its recognition from the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Q1: What are Russia's objectives in this war? [206] Abkhaz defence officer said that Georgian forces were driven out of the Kodori Gorge. "The Russian-occupied Georgian territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia are integral parts of Georgia. The Russian Foreign Ministry said that the resolution was "a counterproductive move". [317] Heidi Tagliavini, a national of Switzerland (non-EU state), oversaw the making of the EU-sponsored report which was published in September 2009. [290] Russia denied using cluster bombs. [206] The next day, Georgian and Russian representatives said that Russian troops were in Poti. [189], The Russian military was warning during the march towards Gori on 13 August that they would not spare ethnic Georgian civilians in villages if the latter did not demonstrate signs of surrender. [124] This was the first time in the 2000s that Russia had confessed to an overflight of Georgia. [56] Controversy surrounds the date of Ossetian arrival in Transcaucasia. At around 17:00 MSK, Russian tank columns surrounded Tskhinvali and began bombing the Georgian positions. He wrote in the Caucasian Review of International Affairs that Western policy makers did not want to alienate Russia because its support was necessary to solve "international problems". [93] Russia, Iran and the Persian Gulf countries opposed the construction of the pipeline. [117], In late June, Russian military expert Pavel Felgenhauer predicted that Vladimir Putin would start a war against Georgia in Abkhazia and South Ossetia supposedly in August. [135][139] South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity announced that the South Ossetian armed forces were ready to go on the offensive in the next few hours. [252], On 25 August 2008, the Russian parliament passed a motion, with no one voting against. Putin recently announced a partial withdrawal of troops to their permanent bases, sending false signals of. [238] The following day Condoleezza Rice travelled to Tbilisi, where Saakashvili signed the document in her presence. The 2008 Russo-Georgian War was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, on the other.The war took place in August following a period of worsening relations between Russia and Georgia, both formerly constituent republics of the Soviet Union.The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus . [132], South Ossetian separatists began intensively shelling Georgian villages on 1 August. Significant economic reasons, including access to major petroleum reserves, further affects interest in Transcaucasia. [173] Colonel-General Anatoliy Nogovitsyn, Russian deputy chief of general staff, said the Soviet-made Tor and Buk anti-aircraft missile systems, bought by Georgia from Ukraine, were responsible for shooting down Russian aircraft during the war. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire gradually took over the Georgian lands. Georgia stated that its strikes only intended to "neutralize firing positions from where Georgian positions were being targeted". I advised and accompanied, several times, the German chancellor to discussions and meetings with President Putin, and in these early years, speaking of 2000-2001, President Putin appeared, at . [146] The Russian air force began raiding targets inside South Ossetia and Georgia proper after 10:00 on 8 August. [175], In the afternoon of 9 August, a Georgian effort to push deeper into Tskhinvali was repulsed with Georgian losses and they withdrew. [40][41][42] Some Russian troops had illicitly crossed the GeorgiaRussia border through the Roki Tunnel and advanced into the South Ossetian conflict zone by 7 August before the Georgian military response. NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer commented that "he'd eat his tie if it turned out that a NATO MiG-29 had magically appeared in Abkhazia and shot down a Georgian drone. Russia aimed to stop Georgia's accession to NATO and also to bring about a "regime change". [99] Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky said on 11 April that Russia would carry out "steps of a different nature" in addition to military action to block NATO membership of former Soviet republics. The brief . First the 4th Guards Military Base in South Ossetia[265] and the 7th Military Base in Abkhazia were established, formalised in an agreement valid for 49 years. [373] A Russian air attack on Marneuli Air Force Base destroyed three AN-2 aircraft. [287] The South Ossetian parliament and several schools and nurseries were used as military posts by South Ossetian troops and volunteer militias and targeted by Georgian artillery fire. [301] As of May 2014, 20,272 persons were still displaced, with their return being blocked by de facto authorities. The number of Russian forces deployed in South Ossetia exceeded the number of Georgian fighters already by 9 August. [139] Georgian authorities organised a tour for diplomats and journalists to demonstrate the damage supposedly caused by separatists. During uprisings in 1919 and 1920, the Ossetians were covertly supported by Soviet Russia, but even so, were defeated. Russia's Strategy in the War Against Georgia 112kb. [284] The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine brought the memories of the Russo-Georgian War again into a broader geopolitical focus. Russia did. [333] Russian General Anatoliy Nogovitsyn recalled the limit on the number of vessels admitted into the Black Sea under the 1936 Montreux convention. [340] The 58th Army fought in Second Chechen War. How e take end Wia . [278] The failure of the Western security organisations to react swiftly to Russia's attempt to violently revise the borders of an OSCE country revealed its deficiencies. Moscow-listed shares of mobile operator MegaFon closed down 11%, while oil firm Rosneft closed down 4%, Gazprom slipped 14.5% and Sberbank sunk 15% . The conflict was named by Georgian journalists as the war "that was hidden from history" because there was very little video recording of the fighting. The political scientist John Mearsheimer has been one of the most famous critics of American foreign policy since the end of the Cold War. Georgia at that time claimed it had downed no less than 21 Russian aircraft. Only when the South Ossetians opened up with artillery on Georgian villages, did the offensive to take Tskhinvali begin. [52][53] In 2022, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for three Russian nationals because of war crimes against ethnic Georgians during the conflict. [273] The mandate of the UNOMIG ended on 16 June 2009; its extension was also blocked by Russia, which argued that the mandate did not properly reflect Russia's position on recognition of Abkhazia's independence. It matters desperately to Russia since it fuels distrust, feeds Russia's cynicism about international law and is the central motive behind Russia's draft security treaties calling for a. Know your probable enemy!" [112] Russia opposed the Georgian-advocated motion. [76] The upper Kodori Gorge in northeast Abkhazia remained beyond the Abkhaz separatist government's sway. [113], Russia deployed railroad troops on 31 May to repair a rail line in Abkhazia. [173], According to Russian expert Anton Lavrov, on 8 August, Russian and South Ossetian troops deployed in South Ossetia were unaware that Russian aviation was involved in the war. [37] The May 2015 report by the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the European Parliament stated that "the reaction of the EU to Russia's aggression towards, and violation of the territorial integrity of, Georgia in 2008 may have encouraged Russia to act in a similar way in Ukraine". [173] According to Georgian first deputy defence minister Batu Kutelia, Georgia was required to have a complex, multi-layered air-defence system to protect its airspace. August 2008: Russia Invades Georgia. [352], The Russian Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (CI) performed poorly during the conflict. We lectured them. [166], Georgian forces, among them special troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, entered Tskhinvali after taking the high points near the town. [205][206] This was first activity since 1945 for the Black Sea Fleet, which had probably departed from Sevastopol before full-scale hostilities between Russia and Georgia began. The attack killed one doctor. "[104] On 26 May, a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) inquiry concluded that the Russian warplane, either a MiG-29 "Fulcrum" or a Su-27 "Flanker", was responsible for the downing. Georgia requested that the additions be parenthesised; Russia objected and Sarkozy prevailed upon Saakashvili to accept the agreement. Fact: NATO is a defensive alliance, whose purpose is to protect our members. [60] The government of Soviet Georgia created an autonomous administrative unit for Transcaucasian Ossetians in April 1922, called the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. [318] The report stated that open hostilities started " with a large-scale Georgian military operation against the town of Tskhinvali and the surrounding areas, launched in the night of 7 to 8 August 2008",[319] This conclusion was widely reported on by international media. Russia's recent invasions of Ukraine and Georgia offer clues to what Putin might be thinking now A Ukrainian military serviceman walks along a snow-covered trench in the eastern Lugansk region. [11] The presence of prime 2,000 Georgian military and the bulk of Georgian high-level government officials abroad before the war meant that Georgia did not intend to begin hostilities. At the conclusion of the summit on 4 April, Putin said that NATO's enlargement towards Russia "would be taken in Russia as a direct threat to the security of our country". [377] According to Nezavisimaya Gazeta, the five-day war cost Russia an estimated 12.5billion rubles, a daily cost of 2.5billion rubles. Merkel and then-French President Nicolas Sarkozy opposed it out of respect for Russia and fear of escalation by Moscow. [185] Georgian president Saakashvili stated that Russians had split Georgia into two by occupying an important intersection near Gori. A battalion from the North Caucasus District has entered the area. [91], One of President Saakashvili's primary aims for Georgia was to become a member state of NATO,[84] which has been one of the major stumbling blocks in GeorgiaRussia relations. [88], In early March 2008, Abkhazia and South Ossetia submitted formal requests for their recognition to Russia's parliament shortly after the West's recognition of Kosovo which Russia had been resisting. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said that a Russian deployment in Abkhazia and South Ossetia would prove decisive in preventing Georgia from recovering territories. [185] According to Georgian authorities, the Russians aimed at the city's administrative offices. [223] Georgian authorities reported on 9 August that Russian air attacks had targeted the BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline, but missed. [191] The next day, Russian forces pushed to about 40 kilometres (25mi) from Tbilisi, the nearest during the war, and stopped in Igoeti at the same time as Condoleezza Rice was received by Saakashvili. [283], According to academic Martin Malek, western countries did not feel it was necessary to aggravate tensions with Russia over "tiny and insignificant" Georgia. [79] Russia had more vested interests in Abkhazia than in South Ossetia, since the Russian military deployment on the Black Sea coast was seen as vital to Russian influence in the Black Sea. "Russia's forcible invasion of Georgia is a clear violation of international peace and security and goes against the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the Helsinki Final Act," he said. According to one theory, they first migrated there during the 13th and 14th centuries AD,[57] and resided alongside the Georgians peacefully for hundreds of years. April 29, 2008 - Russia sends more troops to Abkhazia to counter what it says are Georgia's plans for an attack. [47] The Atlantic Council members stated on anniversary of the war in 2021 that Russia and South Ossetia initiated the 2008 conflict and that the EU report was erroneous. In August 2008, Georgia attempted to recapture South Ossetia, which had fought a separatist war against Georgia in the 1990s. Amid this backdrop, fighting between Georgia and separatists left parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast under the de facto control of Russian-backed but internationally unrecognised separatists. [citation needed] Some experts noted this as the first time in history that a notable cyberattack and an actual military engagement happened at the same time. The First Time Putin Tried to Invade a Foreign Country During the Kosovo war in 1999, Vladimir Putin, who was the Russian national security advisor at the time, backed a dangerous plan that. The Guardian commented that Moscow's apparent plan to recreate Greater South Ossetia was coming to fruition. We in the Bush administration did recognize the looming danger of Russian military action in Georgia. [146][147][139][46] At about 14:30, Georgian tanks, 122mm howitzers and 203mm self-propelled artillery began heading towards South Ossetia to dissuade separatists from additional attacks. Nine rigid-hull inflatables were captured. [226] The Wall Street Journal reported on 14 August that a reporter had witnessed 45 craters near the intersection of BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline and BakuSupsa Pipeline south of Tbilisi. [81], After Georgia deported four suspected Russian spies in 2006, Russia began a full-scale diplomatic and economic war against Georgia, followed by the persecution of ethnic Georgians living in Russia. [135] A 1992 ceasefire agreement was breached by Ossetian artillery attacks. What is clear, with the benefit of hindsight, is that Russia was not deterred, but emboldened after its invasion of Georgia 14 years ago. [230] The information skirmishes between Georgia and Russia continued after armed hostilities had ended. The EU Investigation Report on the August 2008 War and the Reactions from Georgia and Russia in the, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 14:56. [68] Georgia declared its restoration of independence on 9 April 1991, thus becoming the first non-Baltic state of the Soviet Union to do so. [374][364], The Air Force sustained limited damage as only three transport planes and four helicopters were confirmed lost. [40][64][65], Nationalism in Soviet Georgia gained momentum in 1989 with the weakening of the Soviet Union. [170] According to the Georgian Defence Minister, the Georgian military had tried to push into Tskhinvali three times by 9 August. [184] This marked the opening of another front. [75], This situation was mirrored in Abkhazia, an autonomous republic in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, where the Abkhaz separated from Georgia during the war in the early 1990s. [152][153], At around 19:00, Georgian President Saakashvili announced a unilateral ceasefire and no-response order. The air force conducted air raids throughout the depth of Georgia, but with poor intelligence, and the ground force had no connection to their fight. [8] The primary task of securing Tskhinvali was accomplished by the 4th Brigade with support from the 2nd and 3rd Brigades. It has more or less stabilized now. [46] According to the European Council on Foreign Relations think tank, the EU report was influenced by Russian state propaganda. [197], The humanitarian conditions in Gori by 16 August was assessed as "desperate" by the United Nations. 1 Project 1387 class patrol boat Tskhaltubo '101': (1, scuttled). [80] In 2003, President Putin began to consider the possibility of a military solution to the conflict with Georgia. [337] There was a small number of disciplined and knowledgeable officers in high ranking positions,[351] and Saakashvili's government had no military background.

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